生命解
碼－人體的藍圖 Decoding Life - the body's blueprint
染
色體 │ 蛋
白質 │ DNA
│ 鎖
和鑰匙 │ 操
縱基因 │ 原
始生命形式 Chromosome
│ protein
│ DNA
│ lock
and key │ manipulate
genes │ primitive
life forms
 世界上有一
種奇特的基因只在38個人身上發現，科學家對這種基因所製造的物質寄予重望，它可能成為治療動脈硬化症的革命性新藥，一間生化科技公司利用這種基因，希望
能大量製造治療動脈硬化症的藥物。 There is a strange world of genes found only in
38 individuals, scientists on the material produced by this gene has
placed heavy expectations, it may become a revolutionary new drug
treatment of atherosclerosis, a biotechnology company using this gene,
hope to the mass production of the drug treatment of atherosclerosis.
只要科學家發現一種基因有治療效果，人們就會投注大量金錢，研發原先人們難以想像的藥物和治療方法。
As long as scientists have discovered a gene therapy, people will bet a
lot of money, it is hard to imagine the original drug research and
treatment. 一九九七年複製羊的誕生造成全球轟動，為了研發血友病的藥物，科學家在複製寶莉時將人類基因植入她的細
胞。 In 1997 the birth of cloned sheep cause global sensation, in
order to develop hemophilia drug, when scientists copy Polly human genes
into her cell. 。 . 利用青蛙所製
造的物質或爬蟲類胚胎細胞上的蠑螈基因，心臟或腎臟等器官也可以實驗室內培養，科學家已開始觀察這種方法，它很可能成為未來培養人類器官的技術。
Material manufactured using the frog or reptile on the salamander
embryo cell genes, heart or kidneys and other organs can be cultured in
laboratories, scientists began to observe this way, it is likely to
become the technical training of human organs. 如今，操縱
基因創造出品質合意的小孩，已經不限於科幻小說的情節，有些科學家預言，不久就會有"基因設計小孩"，利用遺傳工程設計出配合父母喜好的個性和天賦。
Today, quality of genetic manipulation to create a desired child, has
been limited to science fiction plot, some scientists predict, will soon
have "genetic design of children", with parents using genetic
engineering to design the personality preferences and talents. 以基因設計小
孩超越了所有的限制，因為它代表的是一種觀念，在胚胎中加入任何父母身上沒有的基因，這些基因完全沒有限制，可以在胚胎中加入基因，也可以取出原有的基
因，改變胚胎基因的方式可說是無窮無盡。 The genetic design of children beyond all
limits, as it represents a concept, in the embryo does not include any
parent who's genes have no limit, you can add in the embryonic genes can
also remove the original gene, to change the way embryonic genes can be
are endless. 而這種科技已經研發出來，科學家每天在實驗室裡把基因加入老鼠胚胎內，這方法也已經用在，羊、豬、牛的
身上，以及各種可想見的哺乳類，當然這個方法也可以應用在人類身上。 While this technology has been
developed by scientists in the laboratory every day to join the gene in
mouse embryos, this method has also been used, sheep, pigs, cattle,
body, and can imagine a variety of mammals, of course, this method can
also be applications in humans. 廿一世紀通常
被稱為"基因的世紀"，當我們聽到不久後人類將能設計下一代不禁會讚嘆起，遺傳科學的神速進步，同時，我們是否應該如此熱切期待這些進步？
Twenty-first century is often referred to as "gene century", when we
heard the near future of mankind will be able to design the next
generation can not help but praise from, the rapid progress of genetic
science, and we be so eagerly looking forward to Zhexie progress?
 染色體
<br>
人類基因計畫從一九八八年，開始瞭解人體藍圖的努力就已經在各國展開，世界各地的科學家致力於"人類基因計畫"，他們希望在2003年底解碼出所有基因。
Chromosome <br> human genome project from 1988, efforts
began to understand the human blueprint has already started in various
countries around the world scientists committed to "human genome
project", they want to decode all the genes in late 2003. 人體約有
60兆個細胞，每個細胞內有一個細胞核，細胞核中有46個染色體，染色體解開後，變成一條細長的線，單一細胞內所有的絲線總長約兩公尺，這些線的直徑只有
頭髮寬度的千分之四十，這條細長的線就叫做DNA（去氧核糖核酸），而DNA只有一小部份是基因。 The body about 60
trillion cells, each cell has a nucleus, the nucleus has 46 chromosomes,
chromosome solved, it has become a thin line, a single cell all the
thread length of about two meters, the diameter of these lines only a
hair width of 40/1000, this thin line is called DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid), while only a small part of the DNA gene. 從電子顯微鏡
下的DNA可看出，它其實是以螺旋狀纏繞的雙股分子，在這個螺旋雙股之間其實只有四種物質，包括腺嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、胞嘧啶、鳥糞嘌呤，分別以字首為簡稱
A、T、G、C，乍看之下這些物質的排列似乎沒有道理，但它們其實排列成一種遺傳密碼，為了避免糾結，細長的DNA纏繞成許多小捲，當細胞分裂時，它就纏
繞大捲，變成染色體。 DNA from the electron microscope can see, it in fact
is a spiral-wound double-stranded molecule, in this double-stranded
helix is only between the four substances, including adenine, thymine,
cytosine, guanine, respectively to prefix the abbreviation A, T, G, C,
at first glance the arrangement of these substances does not seem
unreasonable, but they are actually arranged in a kind of genetic code,
in order to avoid the tangled, slender DNA wound into many small
volumes, when cell division When it wound Roll into chromosomes. 在一個人體
細胞內有46個染色體，46個染色體所寫的密碼，約有600億個組合，相當於700冊的百科全書，A、T、G、C四個字母的密碼，則寫在這些書本上，這些
密碼形成了人類的藍圖，此刻科學家正在解讀它們。 In a human cell containing 46
chromosomes, 46 chromosomes password written about 60 billion portfolio,
equivalent to 700 encyclopedia, A, T, G, C 4-letter password, you write
in these books, these passwords form the blueprint of the human,
scientists are now interpret them. 有一種基因能
預防動脈硬化症，全世界只存在38個人身上，這38個人全住在義大利北方的里蒙尼村。 One gene can prevent
atherosclerosis, the world exists only 38 individuals who, all the 38
individuals living in northern Italy Li Mengni village. 里蒙尼位在阿
爾卑斯山上，靠近加爾達湖，人口不到一千人。 Li Mengni located in the Alps, near the
Garda Lake, population of less than a thousand people. 二次大戰期間
墨索里尼在這裡建造了一條軍事隧道，在此之前，每星期只有一艘船會經過里蒙尼村，擁有這種獨特基因的人叫做"波大多人"，這個字在義大利文的意思就是"攜
帶者"。 Mussolini during World War II, where the construction of a
military tunnel, before, only one ship a week will pass through
Limengnicun with this unique gene were called the "wave of most people,"
a word in Italian means "carriers." 發現這種基因
的人是席賽西托利博士，當他為國家鐵路局的一名員工做體檢時，發現到有些不尋常的地方，他把這項結果送交科學界，但科學界卻完全置之不理。
Found that the genes are 席赛西托利 Dr., when the National Railways of his
staff to do a physical examination, we found that some unusual places,
he put the results to the scientific community, the scientific community
has completely ignored. 米蘭大學席賽西托利博士認為，對於"A1米蘭諾蛋白質"的攜帶者來說，他們擁有某些好處，例如可能免於
飲食所帶來的危害，他們不需擔心飲食可以隨心所欲地吃，因為"A1米蘭諾"可以有效清除動脈裡的膽固醇。 Dr. 席赛西托利
University of Milan, for the "A1 Milano protein" carriers, they have
certain advantages, such as possible from the harm caused by diet, they
need not worry about eating food can be arbitrary, as "A1 Milano" can
effectively remove the arteries of cholesterol. 這位鐵路局的
員工是西托利博士第一個發現的人，他住在里蒙尼村，西托利博士為他所有的家人做檢查，大女兒艾曼紐拉檢查結果正常，二女兒維勒芮拉和父親的膽固醇標準一
樣，大兒子馬可檢查的結果也相同，因此這種奇特的體質似乎和遺傳有關。 The railway employees was first
discovered Dr. Gunungsitoli, he lived in Li Mengni Village Dr.
Gunungsitoli do check all of his family, daughter Yimanniula test
results normal, the second daughter, Victoria Le Ruila and standard
cholesterol father, like son Mark examination results are the same, so
this seems strange physical and genetic related. 馬可同意讓
西托利博士深入研究波大多人的秘密，馬可的妻子博歐拉並不是波大多人，他們即將迎接第一個孩子。 Mark agreed to let
Dr. depth study of wave Gunungsitoli secret most people, Mark's wife, Bo
Oula most people do not wave, they will meet the first child. 醫生替馬可夫
婦兩人抽血。 Mark, the couple of surgeons in blood. 血液細胞也含
有基因，馬可和博歐拉的基因有何不同？ Blood cells contain genes, Mark and Bo Oula
genes differ? 如果要瞭解馬可的體質特徵，就必須在染色體中尋找答案，在馬可和博歐拉兩人身上，他們染色體的差異只是
一個字，就在11號染色體的某一個遺傳密碼上，在馬可這位波大多人身上遺傳密碼字母是T，在博歐拉這位正常人身上，遺傳密碼字母則是C，為什麼這個字母的
差別會影響人類的健康？ If you want to understand Mark's physical
characteristics, we must find answers in the chromosome, in Mark and Bo
Oula on them, their difference is only a word chromosomes, 11
chromosomes in a certain genetic code, in the Mark The majority of
people who wave the letter genetic code is T, the normal person in the
Bo Oula, genetic code letter is C, why this difference would affect the
human characters health?
蛋白
質 Protein
 基因非常細
密而複雜，但事實上基因只執行單一的工作，也就是製造蛋白質，蛋白質的組成分子是20種不同的胺基酸，遺傳密碼由三個字母組成，依這三個字母的不同配對，
就會有一種胺基酸產生。 Gene is very delicate and complex, but in fact the
work of a single gene only implementation, which is manufacturing the
protein, the protein composition of the molecules are 20 different amino
acids, the genetic code of three letters, according to the different
matching the three letters , there will be a kind of amino acid
production. 馬可和博歐拉之間的差異在博歐拉身上，遺傳密碼是CGC，這代表胺基酸鮭卵酸；在馬可身上T變成了C，
使他的遺傳密碼變成TGC，它會引出Cysteine胺基酸。 Mark and Bo Oula the difference
between the body in the Bo Oula, the genetic code is the CGC, which
represents amino acid salmon eggs; in Mark who became a T C, so that his
genetic code into a TGC, which leads to Cysteine amino acids. 細胞的中心
是細胞核，在細胞核內的綠色絲線是DNA，它們含有十萬個基因，馬可的一個基因開始工作，首先在十萬個不同基因中，只有需要的基因才會被收集複製，這些被
挑選的遺傳密碼會被一字一字地複製，複製的DNA離開了細胞核，5它們很快就被捉住並被解譯，當複製基因內的三聯碼被讀取時，專屬的胺基酸就會被引出並加
入建造蛋白質的行列，在大多數的人身上最後建造出來的蛋白質都是單獨奮戰，但是在波大多人身上由於有一個相異的胺基酸，蛋白質形成了不同的形狀，因此使這
種蛋白質和別的蛋白質結成一對運作，就是因為如此波大多人排除的膽固醇，是一般人的三到五倍。 Cells in the center
of the nucleus, the nucleus of the green thread is DNA, they contain
thousands of genes, a gene Marco to work, first of thousands of
different genes, only need to copy the gene will be collected, these The
selected genetic code will be Yiziyizi copy, copy the DNA from the
nucleus, 5, they were soon caught and was interpreted, when the copy
gene in the triple code is read, exclusive of the amine acid will be
lead to and join the ranks of the protein in most of the people who
built out of proteins is the final battle alone, but most people who
wave due to a different amino acid, protein formed a different shape,
thus making this protein and other proteins to form a pair of operations
that exclude most people because of this wave of cholesterol, is
generally three to five times. 人體有時候柔
軟而脆弱，有時候強健而富活力，蛋白質是身體的重要建材而我們的基因一個一個製造出這些蛋白質。 Sometimes the body
soft and weak, sometimes strong and dynamic, the protein is an important
body of our genetic material and create a one of these proteins.
人類的頭髮和
指甲是由角素蛋白質所製成，肌動蛋白質和肌素蛋白質是構成肌肉的要素，蛋白質也將細胞的化學物質傳送到身體各部位。 Human hair
and nails are made of protein from the angle of factors, protein and
muscle actin protein factors constitute elements of muscle, protein,
cell chemicals will be sent to all body parts. 人類的身體內
有無數的蛋白質正在運作，維繫著生命，人體藍圖是含有十萬個蛋白質的所有個體藍圖的總和。 There are countless
human body protein is in operation, maintenance of life, the human
blueprint is a protein that contains thousands of the sum of all
individual plans. 西托利博士相
信波大多人約在三百萬年，在里蒙尼村形成，也就是達諾里家族的老家，在里蒙尼村的中心有一座聖本篤教堂，教堂內的古文獻記載保存了清楚的證據，由於里蒙尼
村在二次大戰之前與世隔絕，因此數代以來村民幾乎都是相互通婚，現存的38位波大多人也在這些記錄裡，西托利博士研究了達諾里家族許多世代，最後終於發現
最初的波大多人喬凡尼波瑪洛利，出生於1654年，據信這個人的身上發生了基因突變，使他成為所有波大多人的始祖。 Most
people believe that Dr. Gunungsitoli wave about 300 million years, the
village in Li Mengni form, that is, Dano in the family home, in the
center of the village there is a Li Mengni St. Benedict Church, the
church's ancient documents Save the clear evidence, as Li Mengni
isolated village before World War II, so several generations of
intermarriage with each other since almost all the villagers, most of
the existing 38 waves of people are these records, the study, Dr.
Gunungsitoli Dano in the family for many generations, and finally found
most of the first wave of people who 尼波玛洛利 Joe, was born in 1654, this
man who is believed to have taken place in genetic mutations, making him
the most were the ancestor of all waves. 基因只能經由
突變而改變，但基因也會將親代特徵準確地傳給孩子，基因的這兩個特性，造成了波大多基因的發生，也因此代代相傳了三百年。 Gene
can only be changed by the mutation, but genetic characteristics will be
accurately parent-child transmission of genes in these two
characteristics, resulting in a wave of most genes occur, and thus
handed down for three hundred years. 在里蒙尼村相
傳數代的基因，是否會再傳給下一代？ According to legend, the village in Li Mengni
genes for generations, will then pass on to future generations?
DNA
DNA
人的誕生從受精卵開始，一個精子穿入卵子，把它的DNA傳送到卵內，被精子送入卵子內的父親的DNA，
與原本在卵子內的母親的DNA，父母雙方的藍圖漸漸靠近，變成一個藍圖，這是新生命的開始，然後在細胞分裂下，受精卵變成兩個細胞，再變成四個細胞。
The birth of people start from the fertilized egg, a sperm penetrates
the egg, the DNA transfer it to the egg, the sperm into the egg by the
father's DNA, and the original in the egg inside the mother's DNA, the
blueprint for gradually close to both parents become a blueprint, this
is the beginning of new life, and then in cell division, the fertilized
egg into two cells, then into four cells. 染色體也在細
胞分裂時複製，因此每個細胞都有相同的染色體，這就是為什麼人體內的60兆個細胞，每個都有父母所給的相同遺傳藍圖，遺傳藍圖讓心臟、肝臟這些器官都各得
其所，也讓我們都長出手和腳。 Chromosomes when cell division is also copied, so
each cell has the same chromosomes, that is why the body's 60 trillion
cells, each with their parents to the same genetic blueprint, the
genetic blueprint for the heart, liver, these organs have proper place,
so we are long shots and feet. 如果人體內
60兆個細胞都有相同的基因，為什麼會心臟細胞會長在心臟？ If the 60 trillion cells in the
human body have the same genes, why president of heart cells in the
heart? 而手的細胞
會長在手的地方？ And hand in hand where President cells? 答案是，我們
的基因還有另一個密碼，如果這個密碼失靈了，人體就無法製造出新的部位。 The answer is that our genes
have another password, if the password failure, and the body can not
produce new parts. 三字母遺傳密碼負責製造我們身體的器官，除了這種三聯碼之外，還有負責解開器官藍圖的密碼，器官的藍圖
通常是鎖著的，當插入合適的鑰匙時，藍圖就會打開可以製造器官。 Three-letter genetic code
responsible for manufacturing our body's organs, in addition to this
triple code, there is a blueprint for the password unlock organs, organs
of the blueprint is usually locked, when inserting the right key, the
blueprint will be open organs can be created. 什麼鑰匙可以
打開這個遺傳藍圖？ What key can open the genetic blueprint? 這把鑰匙就是
基因所製造的蛋白質，另一個密碼就在基因裡。 That key is a protein produced by genes,
the other password on the genes.
鎖和
鑰匙 <br>
為了找出方法替代人類因為疾病或意外所失去的四肢，日本德島大學的野路水原博士正在研究雞翅膀或上半肢的生長機制，野路博士在雞的初期胚胎內注入某一種蛋
白質，兩天後，在胚胎內出現了上半肢的隆起形狀，只要一種蛋白質就可以解開數千個基因，讓它們製造額外的上肢，這種製造關鍵蛋白質的基因叫做"主鑰匙基
因"。 Lock and key <br> to find a way to replace human
beings because of illness or accident have lost limbs, Japan, Tokushima
University, Suwon, Dr. Noji is studying chicken wings or limbs on the
growth mechanism of semi-wild Lu Boshi in the early stages of chicken
embryo injection a particular protein, two days later, appeared in the
first half of embryonic limb within the bulge shape of a protein can be
solved as long as thousands of genes, so that they create an extra arm,
the genes that manufacture the key protein called "master key Gene. "
DNA通常都
是捲起鎖好的，主鑰匙基因製造的蛋白質，尋找和它們呼應的字母，然後就附在上面，當它們附在上面時就會產生化學反應，這種化學反應會打開鎖，而附近的
DNA也解開了，當DNA露出來時，它就能和酵素一起複製基因，這些複製的基因再製造出人體的各部位。 DNA is usually
rolled up locked in, the main key genes produced proteins, and their
echoes to find the letters, and then attached to the above, the time
when they will be attached to the above chemical reaction, this chemical
reaction will open the lock, The DNA also solved the vicinity, when the
DNA exposed, it can and with the replication enzyme genes, these genes
and then copy the manufacture of various parts of the human body.
只有在主鑰匙
基因一個個打開數千個的基因時，一個完整的器官例如心臟，才可能被製造出來，但光是這樣還無法完成人類的身體，有一樣東西決定著主鑰匙基因在體內工作的位
置，除非它出現了，人類就不會有心臟、手或腳，那是一種特殊的主鑰匙基因，就像下達命令的總指揮官。 Only the main
keys to open thousands of genes one by one gene, a complete organs such
as heart, can be produced, but this alone can not complete the human
body, there is one thing determines the primary key genes in the body of
work position, unless it appears, there will be no human heart, hand or
foot, it is a special master key genes, like the orders of the
commander. 羅絲霍夫曼是賓州一所高中的戲劇和英國文學老師，她打從一出生開始右手的中指和無名指就黏合在一起，這
是因為指揮的主鑰匙基因在作怪。 Ross Hoffman, a Pennsylvania high school drama
and English literature teacher, she hit right from the birth of the
middle finger and ring finger on sticking together, because the command
of the main key genes are at play. 羅絲有11個
兄弟姊妹，她是最小的，他們家有8個孩子都有彎曲和短小的手指，在這8個兄弟姊妹中，有些人動了手術截去一隻手指頭，有些人則在工作上遇到歧視。
Rose has 11 brothers and sisters, she is the smallest, they have eight
children at home are curved and short fingers, in which eight brothers
and sisters, some who had been operated on a finger amputated, others
encounter discrimination at work. 羅絲的右手因
為有一個短小的手指骨頭導致手指變形，指揮的主鑰匙基因對羅絲的手指造成什麼影響？ Rose's right hand because
there is a short lead fingers finger bone deformation, command master
key genes impact Rose's fingers? 1995年醫
學諾貝爾獎得主艾德華路易斯博士，和他的同事預測到有一種指揮主鑰匙基因的存在，後來醫界也找到了這種基因，為了研究這種基因，路易斯博士決定研究果蠅，
人類在這種生物身上已經做過許多遺傳研究，路易斯博士首先開始收集先天性突變的果蠅，有些果蠅多了兩隻腳，有些沒有翅膀或多了兩片翅膀。
1995 Medicine Nobel Prize winner Dr. Edward Lewis, and his colleagues
predicted to have a command of the main key to the existence of genes,
then the medical community has found the gene, to study the gene, Dr.
Lewis decided to study fruit flies , Yi Jing in species in which human
beings have done many genetic studies, Dr. Lewis first started
collecting congenital mutation of Drosophila, and some more fruit flies
two feet, some no Chi Bang or the two wings. 路易斯博士花
了三十年繼續繁衍變種果蠅，仔細觀察它們所產下的後代，因為這項研究的結果，路易斯博士認為在一萬多個基因中，理論上至少有8個不同的指揮基因，負責決定
果蠅身體內哪一個部位要長出腳和翅膀，於是他宣佈了操縱基因這項假說。 Dr. Lewis has spent three
decades continue to multiply fly mutants, they carefully observe the
birth of offspring, because the results of this study, Dr. Louis in more
than 10,000 genes, in theory at least eight different genes of command ,
the body responsible for deciding which parts of the fruit fly to grow
legs and wings, and he announced the manipulation of genes that
hypothesis.
操縱
基因 <br>
負責指揮的主鑰匙基因，後來就被稱為操縱基因，路易斯博士在1976年宣佈他的假說時，當時醫學界解讀基因的方法和工具還很落後，因此這項假說一直無法證
實。 Manipulation of gene <br> main key genes
responsible for directing, and later was known as the manipulation of
genes, Dr. Lewis announced his hypothesis in 1976, the then Medical
Interpretation of genetic methods and tools is still very backward, so
the hypothesis has been unable to confirmed. 在艾德華路易
斯博士宣佈他的假說七年後，當時在巴賽爾大學任職的威廉麥金尼博士，發現了果蠅的指揮基因，麥金尼博士所證實的第一個指揮基因，是讓胸部第二部位生長的操
縱基因，這種特殊的基因裡面有一個180字母的遺傳密碼，就是這把鑰匙讓這個基因可以下達命令，讓主鑰匙基因製造腿和翅膀。 Dr.
Edward Lewis, in his hypothesis that, after seven years, was serving in
the University of Basel, Dr. 威廉麦金尼 found the command of Drosophila gene,
Dr. McKinney confirmed the first command of genes is to The second part
of the growth of breast gene manipulation, this particular gene which
has a 180-letter genetic code, is this the key to the gene orders, to
get the main key genes create the legs and wings. 麥金尼博士發
現的是XXX基因的一小部份，這個部份可以用來找出果蠅所有其它的操縱基因。 Dr. McKinney is the XXX gene
found in a small part, this part of the fruit fly can be used to
identify all of the other gene manipulation. 麥金尼博士接
著開始研究其他的生物，尋找標示出操縱基因的180個字母遺傳密碼，然後出現了驚人的發現，果蠅身上發現了八個不同的操縱基因，但幾乎全部相同的操縱基因
也存在人類身上，在人類身上有13個操縱基因，並區分成四組A、B、C、D，這四組的多種組合製造出複雜的人體結構。 Dr.
McKinney then began to study other biological, genetic manipulation to
find the 180 mark a letter genetic code, and then had a remarkable
discovery of eight different fruit flies found genetic manipulation, but
almost all of the same manipulation of genes There humans, 13 in humans
manipulate genes, and divided into four groups A, B, C, D, these four
groups combined to create complex multi-body structure.  這些操縱基因中有一個基因，參與了羅絲霍夫曼的手的形成過程，在這個基因裡面就在2號染色體的位置，突
變造成了一組額外的字母，它是麥金尼博士所發現的一種人類操縱基因－D13基因。 The manipulation of genes
in a gene involved in Rose Hoffman, the formation of the hand, which in
this gene on chromosome 2 position, the additional mutation of a group
of letters, it is found that Dr. McKinney of a human gene-D13 gene
manipulation. 在手的形成過程中，操縱基因首先發命令給製造手的主鑰匙基因，接到這個命令後細胞分裂開始發生，上肢也
開始生長，到了末端，基因下達另一個命令要求某些細胞自殺，這就是手指分開的原因。 Formation in hand, the
manipulation of gene order to create the first hand-made master key
gene, cell division, after receiving the command began, upper limb began
to grow, to the end of the gene to issue another order for some of the
cell to commit suicide, which the reason is the finger separately.
操縱基因首先
命令隆起，然後命令分開，人類手掌的複雜形狀就是這樣產生的，此時在上肢裡面負責製造骨骼的操縱基因，也開始工作，第9個操縱基因命令肩胛和骨鎖骨的製
造，第10個命令肱骨，第11個操縱基因命令尺骨和橈骨的製造。 Genetic manipulation of the first
order uplift, then the command to separate the complex shape of the
human hand is the product of such, at this time in the upper limb bones
inside the manipulation of genes responsible for manufacturing, but also
to work, the first nine control genes command the manufacture of
scapula and clavicle bone, the first 10 command humerus, the first order
of 11 genes controlled the manufacture of ulna and radius.
骨骼細胞從
不同的操縱基因得到命令並工作，收到相同命令的骨骼細胞會集合在一起，個別形成不同命令的骨頭，操縱基因也會決定個別骨頭的細胞密度，因此它們會命令哪些
骨頭要短一點，哪些骨頭要長一點。 Bone cells obtained from different gene
manipulation and work orders, receive the same order of bone cells
together, form a different order of individual bones, bone manipulation
of individual genes will determine the cell density, which the bones so
they would order a shorter that which the bones to be a bit longer.
在A13和
D1操縱基因的命令下，手指骨頭會形成長的骨頭，在手腕的骨頭只接受A13基因的命令，所以會變成短的骨頭，以羅絲為例，醫生相信是因為D13基因發生了
突變，導致短的手指骨頭產生。 Manipulation of genes in the A13 and the order of
D1, will form a long finger bones bones bones in the wrist A13 gene only
accept an order, so the bones will become shorter, to Rose, for
example, doctors believe that because of D13 genes were mutation,
leading to a short finger bones production. 當操縱基因在
工作時，如果有一種物質出現，即使它只是類似基因所製造的蛋白質，都會導致形狀發生不正常。 When the manipulation
of genes at work, if there is a substance arise, even if it is similar
to proteins produced by genes, can lead to abnormal shape occur. 人體的形成
從一個受精卵開始，來自父母的基因不斷被複製，因此人體內的每個細胞//都有相同的藍圖，13種操縱基因很快開始工作，形成人體的各部位。
The formation of the human body from a fertilized egg starts, the gene
from their parents constantly being copied, so the body of each cell / /
have the same blueprint, 13 kinds of manipulation of genes to work
quickly to form the various parts of the body. 在這些部位
中，操縱基因發佈命令給個別的主鑰匙基因，它們負責製造手、心臟和所有的人體其他部位，主鑰匙基因接收命令，然後命令它們負責的基因製造蛋白質，這些蛋白
質就會變成不同部位，就像一件大型骨牌陣的其中一塊骨牌，操縱基因引發所有的基因反應，開始製造蛋白質，因而創造人體複雜的結構。 In
these parts, the manipulation of genes decree the main keys to
individual genes, they are responsible for manufacturing hand, heart and
other parts of the body of all the main key gene to receive the
command, and then command them to the gene responsible for manufacturing
proteins, these proteins will become different site, as a large one of a
domino domino array, manipulate genes lead to reaction of all the genes
and begin to manufacture proteins, thus creating a complex structure of
the human body. 羅絲有兩個女
兒艾曼達霍夫曼與泰瑞莎霍夫曼，兩姊妹都遺傳了突變的基因，兩姊妹在出生後不久都動過加長手指骨頭的手術，當羅絲結婚時她原本不打算生小孩，她不希望她的
孩子也經歷她所受過的痛苦。 Rose has two daughters Amanda Hoffman and Theresa
Hoffman, sisters have inherited the gene mutation, two sisters are
moving in soon after birth had longer finger bone surgery, when Ross
married She did not intend to have children, she did not want her
children have experienced the pain she suffered. 但是羅絲的先
生羅伯霍夫曼，鼓勵她並改變她的想法，當羅絲第一次懷孕時她接受檢驗，結果顯示突變基因已經傳給她的孩子，但霍夫曼夫婦想要這個孩子。
But Mr. Luo Side Rob Hoffman, encourage her and change her mind, when
Rose received her first pregnancy test, results showed that mutant gene
has been passed to her children, but Hoffman couples want this child .
羅絲希望將來
當兩個女兒面對困難決定時，她可以做她們的精神支柱，總有一天她們要認真思考婚姻和做母親的問題。 Two daughters,
Rose hope that when faced with difficult decisions, she can do them the
spiritual support, one day they should seriously consider the issue of
marriage and motherhood. 一個基因裡面的小小差異，就改變了羅絲的手，她的生活很豐富，她慷慨地讓別人瞭解，並分享她這個人的生
命，這是羅絲希望她能傳給下一代的特質。 Little difference between a gene which, on
changing Rose's hand, her life is very rich, and she generously let
others understand and share her life this man, this is Rose, I want her
to pass on the characteristics of the next generation .
原始生命形式 <br>
地球上出現第一個生命至今已有40億，這些遺傳密碼成功地傳遞了無數世代，同時個別基因的些微改變，也創造了各式各樣的生命型態。
<br> Primitive forms of life appeared on Earth has been the
first of life 4.0 billion, the genetic code has successfully passed
numerous generations, also slight changes of individual genes, but also
created a variety of forms of life. 酵母菌在將近
十億年前出現，在它的藍圖裡面，也有類似果蠅和人類身上所發現操縱基因，這個基因負責決定酵母菌的性別，有些科學家相信就是這個基因，最後負責決定人體的
形狀和動物演化完全不同。 Yeast occurs in nearly one billion years ago, in its
blueprint for the inside, there are fruit flies and humans, similar
manipulation of genes identified, the gene responsible for determining
the sex of yeast, some scientists believe is the gene responsible for
determining the final shape of the human body and animal evolution is
entirely different. 在植物生命形式裡，科學家也發現了這種操縱基因，只有三種基因負責決定花朵、花萼和葉片的生長，並創造
出各式各樣的植物生命形式。 In the form of plant life, scientists also found
that manipulation of genes, only three genes responsible for determining
the flowers, calyx and leaf growth, and create a wide variety of plant
life forms. 昆蟲首度出現
在六億年前，各式各樣的昆蟲，但只有八種操縱基因決定這全部的種類。 Insects for the first time in
600 million years ago, a variety of insects, but only eight genes that
control all types. 大約四億年前操縱基因讓有魚鰭的魚類長出腳，創造出兩棲類，讓生命第一次踏上陸地，之後那些腳漸漸演化
出創造文明的人類雙手。 Manipulation of genes for about 400 million years
ago, have fins of fish grow legs to create amphibians, so that life
first set foot on land, evolved gradually after the creation of
civilization who foot the human hands. 後來地球上出
現哺乳類，蝙蝠的翅膀和人類的手臂看起來也許不一樣，但現在科學家相信它們只是長短不同的骨頭，在操縱基因的命令下生長成形。
Later, mammals appeared on Earth, bat wings and human arms may not look
the same, but now scientists believe they are just the length of
different bones, manipulating genes in order of growth of shape. 藉由代代相傳
的操縱基因地球上的生命，不但保護了它的基本形式，也更豐富了變化，變成三千萬種不同的生命。 Through the
manipulation of genes from generation to generation of life on Earth,
not only to protect its basic form, the changes are more abundant, into
30 million kinds of different lives. 所有生命都有
基因，地球上的所有生命都擁有從父母身上傳下的一條漫長的基因鍊，這條連接地球上所有生命的基因鍊，也存在人類的身上。 All life
has genes of all life on Earth who have passed down from parents to a
long genetic chain, linking the genes of all life on Earth chain, there
are the human body. 基因也證明了人類也來自地球上的第一個生命，基因的連結一代代地傳遞，這種無止無盡的生命重複，形成並
豐富了地球上多樣的生命，地球上的生命一直依賴著這種生命連結，它連結著孩子和父母，生命與另一個生命，全繫於這條基因的細線DNA。
Gene has proved that human beings are from the first life on Earth, gene
passed on from generation to generation links, which not only the lives
of endless repetition, shape and enrich the diversity of life on Earth,
life on Earth has been dependent on this Life Link, which links the
children and their parents, life and other lives, all linked to the
thread of this gene DNA. （原譯
者：馬英；公視研發部整理） (The original translator: Ma Ying; public
order, as the R & D) |
